![]() But in its liquid phase, the molecules move around much more freely, with orientations being much more random in nature. ![]() In ice, the movement of water molecules is very constrained due to the organization of the molecules into rigid structures and orientations. Thus water can be considered a polar molecule. As the oxygen pulls electrons away from the hydrogens a partial negative charge begins to form on the oxygen end of the molecule, while the hydrogen ends change to accommodate a partial positive charge. Having a “bent” geometry, the water molecule looks similar to Mickey Mouse’s head with its two hydrogens sticking out from the lone oxygen. These polar characteristics stem from the quantum mechanical structure of water as well as the tendency for oxygen to pull electrons away from the hydrogen atoms. The underlying principle behind the technology that makes microwave ovens a reality depends heavily on the fact that water molecules are electrically polar in nature-they have both positively and negatively charged ends. Now that we understand the essence of microwaves, we can focus our attention specifically on how a microwave oven heats food.
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